Which of the Following Is Least Related to Program Evaluation and Review Technique (Pert)

Plan Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

In CPM, the time values are causeless to be fixed and easily identifiable. But for projects where time values are affected by run a risk variations, a more than probabilistic approach is taken. Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is used for planning, and scheduling projects so that all activities are completed in the shortest possible time. The technique was developed in 1958 by the Usa Navy for the planning and controlling of the Polaris nuclear submarine project. PERT is too a graphical representation of project activities. The PERT network always begins and ends with a unmarried node and there is at least 1 continuous path between commencement and concluding node. To avert the possibility of ii activities leaving a node and later on re-entering the same node, dummy activities are introduced into the network. The iteration process for drawing up a PERT schedule is shown in Effigy.
Given below are the conditions that must exist satisfied for the awarding of the PERT method:

•     Activities should accept identifiable beginning and finish time.
•     The projection should not take too many interrelated or overlapping activities.
•     The activities should be clearly distinguishable from each other.
•     The projection should be flexible plenty to arrange different sequences and timings.

The various steps involved in the process of scheduling a projection using PERT are every bit follows:

1.     Place the list of activities that are involved in the project. Then, place the sequence of the activities, based on the priorities and constraints. For example, in a new production development project, test marketing tin be conducted only subsequently a paradigm has been tested and flaws are identified and removed. Once the tasks and sequences are identified, a precedence table is drawn which tabulates preceding activities for each activity.
2.     Once the sequence of activities is identified, their expected times and corresponding variances are calculated using the following formulas:

Expected Activity Time =
Activity Time Variances =

    Where t₀ = Optimistic time estimate,
             t_p = Pessimistic time estimate, and
            t_m = Most probable time estimate
    3. Develop the PERT network past using the data obtained through stride 1 i.e. using expected time.
    iv. Determine the earliest start times and the primeval finish times for each of the activities in the PERT network.
    five. Determine the latest start times and latest finish times for each of the activities in the network.

      6. Decide the slack activity times and identify the critical path activities. The slack time for an action is the time by which that activeness tin be delayed without delaying the total project, and is the difference of either the latest get-go time and earliest start time, or the latest finish time and the earliest end time.
      7. Determine the probability of completing the project within the desired completion period (Z). This step is optional and makes apply of the post-obit formula:

Z = (Desired projection period - Expected projection menstruum) / (Standard difference of the critical path activities)

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